Cervical biopsy

Information for patients from Women's Health

You have been referred to the hospital for a cervical biopsy. This leaflet explains:

We hope the leaflet will help answer some of the questions you may have. If you have any further questions or concerns, please speak to a member of your healthcare team.

Why do I need a cervical biopsy?

Your cervical screening test (smear) has shown evidence of abnormal cells. It is important to remember that it is very unlikely that these changes are cancer. The changes can be:

Your cervical screening test has shown an area of your cervix that needs a closer look.

What is a cervical biopsy?

Diagram showing a female reproductive system. The ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, womb or uterus, and vagina.
Female reproductive system

A cervical biopsy is the removal of a small sample of tissue from the surface of your cervix. The biopsy is about the size of a pencil-tip.

A doctor or nurse colposcopist will carry out the procedure in the Colposcopy Unit.

The biopsy is diagnostic and not meant to be a treatment.

Will the biopsy hurt?

Local anaesthetic is not usually needed for this procedure. You may feel a slight sting / pinch, which may be uncomfortable but the biopsy should not be painful.

How will I feel after my procedure?

You may have some period-type pain for a short time following your biopsy. Normal over-the-counter painkillers should control mild to moderate pain or discomfort. Over-the-counter painkillers include paracetamol. If your pain is not controlled with these, please contact your GP or one of the departments listed at the end of this leaflet.

You may have slight vaginal bleeding or brownish discharge after your biopsy. This can last for 2 to 5 days.

Does someone need to come with me to my appointment?

It is not essential, but you may wish to arrange for someone to come with you to your appointment.

When will I get my results?

Your biopsy will be sent to the histology laboratory for examination. Your doctor will write to you and your GP with the results within 6 weeks of your appointment. It should be clear from this letter what follow-up you will need.

Will I need a follow-up appointment?

Depending on the result of your biopsy, you may be asked to either:

What should I avoid when I return home after my biopsy?

For 2 to 5 days (or until any vaginal discharge has stopped) do not:

This allows your cervix to heal and avoids the risk of infection.

Do not swim for 2 days (or until any vaginal discharge has stopped). This will also help you avoid an infection.

You can have a bath, shower, or return to work on the same day as your biopsy.

What if I feel unwell when I get home or have further questions?

If you feel unwell at home or have any questions, please contact one of the following.

For urgent enquiries, a nurse will be able to advise you if you call one of the following.

What if I have to cancel my appointment?

Please telephone the Colposcopy Administration Team to book another appointment, if:

Contact details